Vallejo, California

City of Vallejo
—  City  —
Nickname(s): Valley-Joe, V-Town, The "V"
Motto: City of Opportunity
Location in Solano County and the state of California
Coordinates:
Country United States United States
State California California
County Solano
Founded 1851
Incorporated 1867
Government
 - Type Council-Manager
 - Mayor Osby Davis
 - City Manager Bob Adams (Interim)
 - Senate Pat Wiggins (D)
 - Assembly Noreen Evans (D)
 - U. S. Congress George Miller (D)
Area
 - Total 48.8 sq mi (126.3 km2)
 - Land 30.2 sq mi (78.2 km2)
 - Water 18.6 sq mi (48.1 km2)  38.07%
Elevation 60 ft (21 m)
Population (2000)
 - Total 116,760
 - Density 3,868.9/sq mi (1,495.3/km2)
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 - Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP Code 94589, 94590, 94591, 94592
Area code(s) 707
FIPS code 06-81666
GNIS feature ID 1661612
Website http://www.ci.vallejo.ca.us/

Vallejo (pronounced /vəˈleɪoʊ/ or /vəˈleɪhoʊ/ in English; [baˈʎexo] in the original Spanish) is the largest city in Solano County, California, United States. The population was 116,760 at the 2000 census. It is located in the San Francisco Bay Area on the northeastern shore of San Pablo Bay. Vallejo is named for General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo.

Vallejo is home to the Six Flags Discovery Kingdom theme park (formerly Marine World and Marine World Africa USA) ; the now-defunct Mare Island Naval Shipyard; the regional office for Region 5 of the United States Forest Service; the California Maritime Academy (part of the California State University system); the Vallejo Center campus of Solano Community College; and Touro University, an osteopathic medical college. Ferry service runs from a terminal on Mare Island Strait to San Francisco, through Vallejo Transit's BayLink division.

Vallejo has twice served as the capital of the State of California: once in 1852 and again in 1853, both periods being brief.[1] Some of the first Europeans drawn to the Vallejo area were attracted by the sulfur springs; in the year 1902 the area was named Blue Rock Springs. In 2008, Vallejo became the largest California city ever to file for bankruptcy.

Contents

Geography and environment

According to United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 126.3 km² (48.8 mi²). Land area is 78.2 km² (30.2 mi²), and 48.1 km² (18.6 mi²) of it (38.07%) is water. The Napa River flows until it changes into the Mare Island Strait in Vallejo which then flows into the San Pablo Bay.

Vallejo is located in the northern part of the East Bay region of the Bay Area in Central California. Vallejo is accessible by Interstate 80 between San Francisco and Sacramento, and is the location for the northern half of the Carquinez Bridge. It is also accessible by Interstate 780 from neighboring Benicia to the east, and by Route 37 from Sonoma to the west. Route 29 (former U.S. Route 40) begins in the city near the Carquinez Bridge and travels north through the heart of the city and beyond into Napa County, entering neighboring American Canyon and eventually Napa.

Several faults have been mapped in the vicinity of Vallejo. The San Andreas Fault and Hayward Faults are the most active faults, even though the San Andreas is at some distance. Locally, the Sulphur Springs Valley Thrust Fault and Southhampton Fault are found. No quaternary seismic activity along these minor faults has been observed with the possible exception of a slight offset revealed by trenching. The Sulphur Mountain and Green Valley faults have been associated with the Concord Fault to the south. The Concord Fault is considered active. Historically there have been local cinnabar mines in the Vallejo area.[2] The Hastings Mine and St. John's Mine contribute ongoing water contamination for mercury; furthermore, mine shaft development has depleted much of this area's spring water. Both Rindler Creek and Blue Rocks Spring Creek have been affected.

There are a variety of flora and fauna in the Vallejo area. The Suisun Shrew (Sorex ornatus sinuosus), a mammal found only in salt marshes, has local habitat. Also according to city's 1989 Environmental Assessment, the Tiburon Indian paintbrush, (Castilleja neglecta) is found in the Vallejo area.

Demographics

Historical populations
Census Pop. %±
1880 5,987
—
1890 6,343 5.9%
1900 7,965 25.6%
1910 11,340 42.4%
1920 21,107 86.1%
1930 16,072 −23.9%
1940 20,072 24.9%
1950 26,038 29.7%
1960 60,877 133.8%
1970 71,710 17.8%
1980 80,303 12.0%
1990 109,199 36.0%
2000 116,760 6.9%

As of the census[3] of 2000, there were 116,760 people, 39,601 households, and 28,245 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,495.3/km² (3,868.9/mi²). There were 41,219 housing units at an average density of 527.2/km² (1,365.4/mi²). The racial makeup of the city was 36.0% African American, 24.2% Asian, 23.7% White, 0.7% Native American, 1.1% Pacific Islander, 7.9% from other races, and 6.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 15.9% of the population.

As of 2000, residents with Filipino ancestry made up 20.74% of Vallejo's population.[4] As of 2009, Vallejo is the 9th largest city in the San Francisco Bay Area, 48th in the state of California, and 215th in the U.S. by population.

There were 39,601 households out of which 36.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49.1% were married couples living together, 16.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.7% were non-families. 22.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 8.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.90 and the average family size was 3.43.

In the city the population was spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 9.0% from 18 to 24, 29.6% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 11.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.7 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $47,030, and the median income for a family was $53,805. Males had a median income of $40,132 versus $32,129 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,415. About 7.7% of families and 10.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.2% of those under age 18 and 8.9% of those age 65 or over.

History

Vallejo was once home of the Coastal Miwok as well as Suisunes and other Patwin Native American tribes. The Columbus Parkway EIR documents three confirmed Native American sites located in the rock outcrops in the hills above Blue Rock Springs Park. The California Archaeological Inventory has indicated that the three Indian sites are located on Sulphur Springs Mountain.

Mariano Vallejo, ca. 1880-85, founder and city namesake

The city of Vallejo was once part of the 84,000-acre (340 km2) Rancho Suscol Mexican land grant of 1843 by Governor Manuel Micheltorena to General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo. The city was named for this original Mexican military officer and title holder, he helped to settle and oversee the north bay region. General Vallejo was responsible for military peace in the region until 1846, when independence-minded Californians rose up against the Mexican government of California in 1846 in the Bear Flag Revolt, followed subsequently by the annexation of the California Republic to the United States. General Vallejo, though a Mexican and Mexican army officer, generally acquiesced in the annexation of California to the United States, recognizing the greater resources of the United States and benefits that would bring to California. He was a proponent of reconciliation and statehood after the Bear Flag Revolt, and has a U.S. Navy submarine, the USS Mariano G. Vallejo (SSBN-658), named after him.

In 1850, Vallejo proposed plans for a new city, to be called Eureka, with the capitol, university, botanical garden and other features. After a state wide referendum, his proposal was accepted, although a new name was decided upon: Vallejo. In 1851, a commission appointed by the Senate found a site on a hill that overlooked the bay and could see San Francisco on a clear day, and it was approved for its symbolic strategic value. In 1851, Vallejo was the official state capitol, with the government prepared to meet for the first time the following year. In 1852, the legislature convened for the first time. Unfortunately, Vallejo didn't follow through with building a capitol for them to meet in. After being forced to meet in a leaky building, sitting on barrels, they motioned to move sessions to Sacramento, and served there for the remainder of the session after only 11 days. In 1853, it was again the meeting place for the legislature, solely for the purpose of moving the capitol officially to Benicia, which occurred on February 4, 1853, after only a month. Benicia is named after Vallejo's wife, Francisca Benicia Carrillo. After legislature left, the government established a naval shipyard on Mare Island, which helped the town overcome the loss. The yard functioned for over a hundred years, finally closing in 1996.[5]

Although the town is named after General Vallejo, the man regarded as the true founder of Vallejo is John B. Frisbie. After his daughter Epifania married Frisbie, General Vallejo granted him power of attorney for the land grant. It was Frisbie who hired E.H. Rowe, the man who designed the city layout and who named the east-west streets after states and the north-south streets after California counties.[6]

In the early 1900s, Vallejo was home to a Class D minor-league baseball team, referred to in local newspapers sometimes as the "Giants" and other times simply as "The Vallejos." Pacific Coast League star and future Chicago White Sox center fielder Ping Bodie played for Vallejo during the 1908 season, in which the team reached the California state title game. The team was disbanded in the early 1920s.

Downtown Vallejo retains many of its historic Victorian and Craftsman homes.

Recent events

Gay and Lesbian Community

After a migration of gays and lesbians from San Francisco in the decade 2000-2009, openly gay members of the community encountered what they described as a backlash against them. The school district was sued for harassment, and candidates for public office reported that they were being singled out for defeat by a "faith community" coalition organized by local churches.[7] In spite of this two openly gay men have been elected to Vallejo's city council.

November 2007 mayoral election

The incumbent mayor was former city council member Anthony Intintoli; as of December 2007, the current mayor is now Osby Davis. The mayoral race had Davis and Gary Cloutier tied on election day. Cloutier won the race initially. But the results of a recount declared Davis the winner instead, two days after Cloutier was already sworn in. Cloutier attempted to appeal a recount but stopped to do so for it needed to reach the higher court. The two candidates were firsts for Vallejo: Davis is the first black mayor elected in Vallejo; Cloutier would have been the first openly-gay mayor.

Bankruptcy

On May 6, 2008, the City Council voted 7-0 to file for Chapter 9 bankruptcy, becoming the largest city to do so ever in California.[8] Stephanie Gomes, Vallejo City Councilwoman, largely blames exorbitant salaries and benefits for Vallejo firefighters and police officers. Reportedly, salaries and benefits for public safety workers account for 80 percent of Vallejo's general fund budget.[9]

Schools

Public schools

Public schools in Vallejo are under the Vallejo City Unified School District.

Private and parochial schools

Alternative schools

Secondary education

Other places of interest

Golf courses

Museums and attractions

Sailing and boating

Local events

Neighborhoods

West Vallejo is the oldest and most historic section of the city, and stretches from Interstate 80 and Sonoma Blvd. to Mare Island and the Vallejo waterfront. The majority of streets in West Vallejo are either named after U.S States or California counties and cities.

The downtown and waterfront areas, located in West Vallejo near Mare Island are currently undergoing extensive transformation and development as many people from San Francisco move to the Victorian homes downtown.

The City's three historic neighborhoods are in West Vallejo:

This subdivision, originally named the "Georgetown" was renamed the "Bay Terrace" in 1920. It is a district composed of 126 individual buildings, designed by architect George W. Kelham (a student of Frederick Law Olmsted, architect of Golden Gate Park, Central Park and the "Emerald Necklace" in Boston) and constructed by the United States Housing Corporation in 1918 as the permanent component of Project 581, to provide housing for Mare Island Naval Shipyard workers during World War I.

This project was one of only two on the Pacific Coast. The district has a remarkably high degree of integrity. Most of the original residential buildings remain; almost 2/3 of them have survived in their original condition. The residential buildings are detached single-family houses, semi-detached two-family houses and semi-detached two-flat houses, distributed fairly evenly along the street. A sense of individuality among the houses was achieved by using fifteen variations on six basic plans, while visually harmonious streetscapes were created through the use of the Colonial Revival style. This distinctive architectural style of the housing visually distinguished the boundaries of the Bay Terrace district from the surrounding neighborhood. Although the subdivision is not currently on the National Register of Historic Places, it does meet the "significant" requirements under criteria A and C for evaluation.[16]

The newest neighborhoods of Vallejo are located in the northeast section of the city, east of Interstate 80 and include the Northgate neighborhood near Blue Rock Springs Park and Hiddenbrooke with its own golf course in the mountains between Vallejo and Fairfield.

East Vallejo is the largest and most populated, containing newer neighborhoods of the city, which has undergone considerable growth since the late 1940s. East Vallejo begins on the east side of Interstate 80 and includes the "manor neighorhoods" such as Tennessee and Steffan Manor, Silverview, Skyview Terrace, Granada Hills, Greenmont, Somerset Highlands (the most easternly part of Georgia Street; Columbus Parkway is the southern border of East Vallejo. The Woods are all the streets in East Vallejo with the "wood" in them: redwood, rollingwood, oakwood, located on the south east side of the city between I-80 and the eastern-most city limits.

North Vallejo includes "The Crest", a neighborhood located north of Highway 37. The Crest is famously known for the neighborhoods of national rap artists Mac Dre and Mac Mall, as it is mentioned frequently in both of their lyrics. "Rancho" is a neighborhood located on the northwest side of the city near American Canyon. North Vallejo's boundaries include Interstate 80 on the east and Highway 37 on the South.

South Vallejo is located south of York and Marin Streets and is sometimes known as "Hillside", the "Su side", or "Beverly Hills". South Vallejo is famous for being the birthplace of the famous Vallejo rap group The Click, as well as E-40's record label Sick Wid It Records. The southeast area of Vallejo includes Glen Cove, a neighborhood located where Interstates 80 and 780 meet, near Benicia. It boasts views of the Carquinez Strait, including the newly built westbound Carquinez Bridge. Most of the home construction in this area was completed in the 1980s but includes some of the most expensive housing in the city. South Vallejo also has another historic area "Sandy Beach", the first area in Vallejo to be settled. Although this area is located in South Vallejo, Sandy Beach is actually unincorporated Solano County. The houses here, located on the shore at the mouth of the Napa River, were formerly fishing shacks originally built in the 1800s. It is rumored that Jack London used to play poker at the age of 16 in the shack on the pier directly across the water. Of course, any such house would have been torn down and replaced by a house by now.

South Vallejo has other historic buildings, including a rare 1869 historic mansion, the only one of its kind left in Vallejo. The Starr Mansion,[17] named after its builder Abraham Dubois Starr, sits on top of a hill and offers panoramic views of the City of Vallejo, the waterways of the Napa River, Mare Island and the picturesque hills to the east. The beautiful, unique architecture is Second Empire Italianate and thought of as Vallejo's diamond. Now a bed and breakfast that lodges and caters to tourists and business visitors, the mansion is filled with furniture and accessories of the period. The two adjoining parlors have matching Italian marble fireplaces and breath-taking unique gold leaf light fixtures original to the structure.

Mare Island, former home to the oldest Naval Base west of the Mississippi and decommissioned in 1996, has the newest homes in the City as well as some of the oldest.[18] Touro University, located on the south side of the island, has plans to build a state-of-the-art cancer research center. This project, combined with the new neighborhoods, is poised to revitalize Mare Island and have a positive impact on the entire city, especially West Vallejo. As one of the nation’s oldest decommissioned shipyard & naval bases, Mare Island has a rich history and contains many National Historic Landmark buildings, including a 19th century industrial brick warehouse, the Coal Shed Artists Studios, Officers Mansions, designated historic landscapes Alden Park and Chapel Park, the oldest golf course west of the Mississippi, and Saint Peters Chapel, a nondenominational church built in 1901 that boasts the largest collection of actual Louis Comfort Tiffany stain-glass windows on the west coast.

Zodiac Killer

Main article: Zodiac Killer

The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who was active in Northern California during the 1960s. He claimed to have killed 37, but only 7 victims were confirmed, two of which survived. Both the Vallejo Police Department and San Francisco Police Department investigated the murders but were never able to solve the case. The case was marked inactive in April 2004 but was reopened before March 2007. The Vallejo Police Department website has a menu tab for providing Zodiac Crime Tips. The case also remains open in additional jurisdictions.

People

Celebrities

Musicians

Athletes

Media

Sister cities

Vallejo has six sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

References

  1. ↑ Vallejo Profile
  2. ↑ C.Michael Hogan, Marc Papineau et al., Environmental Assessment of the Columbus Parkway Widening between Ascot Parkway and the Northgate Development, Vallejo, Earth Metrics Inc. Report 7853, California State Clearinghouse, Sept, 1989
  3. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  4. ↑ http://vallejo.areaconnect.com/statistics.htm
  5. ↑ Vallejo History from the Vallejo Museum
  6. ↑ http://www.visitvallejo.com/about-vallejo/
  7. ↑ James, Scott (November 20, 2009). "Faith and Tolerance Collide in Vallejo". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/20/us/20sfmetro.html. Retrieved May 27, 2010. 
  8. ↑ Jones, Carolyn (May 7, 2008). "Vallejo votes to declare Chapter 9 bankruptcy". The San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/05/07/BACH10HUK6.DTL. 
  9. ↑ News10.net - Search Results
  10. ↑ North Hills Christian School
  11. ↑ St. Catherine of Siena School
  12. ↑ Vallejo Yacht Club
  13. ↑ Vallejo Symphony
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 CALIFORNIA - Solano County - Historic Districts
  15. ↑ Vallejo Heights Neighborhood
  16. ↑ City of Vallejo
  17. ↑ Starr Mansion
  18. ↑ Mare Island History
  19. ↑ Vallejo Community Access Television
  20. ↑ "Spotlight Artist: CWF Devastation". Full Effect Magazine. 2000-04-20. http://www.fulleffectmagazine.com/?q=node/169. Retrieved 2007-04-05. 
  21. ↑ Trondheims offisielle nettsted - Vennskapsbyer

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